QEMU and binfmt_misc should do the trick: https://wiki.debian.org/QemuUserEmulation

Ahh yes, there's qemu-arch64 but that's probably another rabbithole :)

I have used qemu-static a lot to work with ARM images and it works surprisingly well. That was before arm64 was a thing, but unless someone tells me the opposite I would not assume it makes a difference. The only thing that I remember not working is strace(1) because ptrace(2) is unimplemented. But even for that there is a special qemu option to get something similar.