Yes and no. Writing test cases can be rather different by language.
Also documentation frameworks may seem identical if you only program in C, C++, and Java. However when you start doing a lot in SQL, Perl, or Python, they start looking very different (and in fact these languages, assuming an SQL that supports COMMENT ON syntax) are more similar than any of them are to C or Java in this regard).
Move from there to TeX or LaTeX and you are in for another big shock.
In short, there are idioms for both test cases and documentation and those are remarkably language-specific.
Also documentation frameworks may seem identical if you only program in C, C++, and Java. However when you start doing a lot in SQL, Perl, or Python, they start looking very different (and in fact these languages, assuming an SQL that supports COMMENT ON syntax) are more similar than any of them are to C or Java in this regard).
Move from there to TeX or LaTeX and you are in for another big shock.
In short, there are idioms for both test cases and documentation and those are remarkably language-specific.